ON THE MECHANISM OF THE INFLUENCE OF ELASTIC OSCILLATIONS ON CRYSTAL NUCLEATION IN METALS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/plit2026.01.012Keywords:
metal alloys, organic media, undercooling, crystal nucleation, crystallization, ultrasound, vibrationAbstract
The present work is devoted to the investigation of the mechanisms of crystal nucleation in metal melts under the influence of elastic oscillations. The studies were carried out using the method of physical modeling, in which low-temperature metallic alloys (melting temperature ≤ 100 °C), namely Wood’s and Rose’s alloys, as well as transparent organic media such as salol, camphene, and diphenylamine, were used as model materials. The experiments were performed on bulk specimens placed in glass tubes with a diameter of 8 mm. The results demonstrate that external force effects, in particular vibration and ultrasound, can serve as effective methods for controlling the crystallization process of metals. For all investigated alloys and media, the application of vibration and ultrasonic treatment to the experimental samples resulted in a reduction of the degree of undercooling at which crystal nucleation occurred. Moreover, the effect of elastic oscillations of both types was significantly more pronounced in samples containing additional solid substrates, such as quartz sand particles and steel balls.The literature reports various factors influencing crystal nucleation in metal melts under elastic wave action, including a decrease in viscosity and, consequently, a reduction in interfacial energy, as well as the occurrence of temperature and density fluctuations associated with local pressure variations. Based on the obtained experimental results, it was established that the mechanism of influence of elastic waves (vibration and ultrasound) on primary crystal nucleation in metal melts is associated with mechanical action on adsorbed crystalline nuclei located on substrate surfaces (mold walls and solid inclusions). Elastic oscillations enhance the nucleation rate due to mechanical friction between solid substrates and mold walls, as well as cavitation erosion, which leads to the formation of growth steps (dislocations) on the surfaces of adsorbed nuclei.
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