АЛЮМОМАТРИЧНІ КОМПОЗИТИ НА ОСНОВІ ЛИВАРНИХ АЛЮМІНІЄВИХ СПЛАВІВ З ОКСИДАМИ ТА КАРБІДАМИ
Procesi littâ, 2025, Vol 1 (159), 48-64
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/plit2025.01.048Ключові слова:
литі композиційні матеріали, алюмоматричні композити, оксидні й карбідні добавки, засвоєння армуючих фазАнотація
У роботі розглянуто технологічні особливості одержання литих алюмоматричних композиційних матеріалів (АМК), армованих оксидними та карбідними частинками Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, SiC, B4C та WC. Завдяки розвитку методів, таких як лиття з активним перемішуванням, in-situ синтез, перемішування, тертя та ін., можна створювати якісні композити зі сприятливими структурними характеристиками та високим рівнем механічних властивостей. Серед розглянутих методів одержання литих алюмоматричних композитів найбільш застосовуваними є лиття з активним перемішуванням розплаву та лиття під тиском. Перший спосіб універсальний для замішування і розподілення армуючих частинок, а другий дозволяє мінімізувати дефектність і пористість структури. Показано, що висока дисперсність добавок оксидів і карбідів частіше призводить до негативних наслідків — дефектів незасвоєння та агломерації порошків. Крупні частинки армуючих компонентів, у свою чергу, призводять до утворення пор. Краще засвоєння порошкових добавок за рахунок підвищення їх змочуваності забезпечується кількома способами, найефективнішими з яких є їх попередній підігрів, активація поверхні або додавання
до алюмінієвого розплаву магнію в кількості до 1 % мас. Більшість досліджень присвячені створенню АМК на основі сплаву А356. Найпопулярнішими добавками при цьому є Al2O3, ZrO2, SiC, B4C та WC. Оптимальний вміст наповнювачів для більшості досліджуваних складів — близько 2–6 % мас. Оптимальний розмір частинок — у межах 5–35 мкм, що виражається в підвищенні твердості композитів. Більший розмір частинок мало впливає на механічні властивості сплавів, а нанометрові розміри можуть призводити до нерівномірного їх розподілу та дефектів будови виробів.
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