STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE INFILTRATION PROCESS OF POROUS FRAMES TO THE STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON THEM

Procesi littâ, 2024, Vol 4 (158), 44-55

Abstract

The parameters of the infiltration process of porous frameworks based on metal shavings with molten aluminum, which ensure the production of composite materials for elements of mine protection structures, were studied. The possibility of effective utilization of metalworking waste of machine-building enterprises by forming porous frameworks with a given volume of pores followed by infiltration with molten metal is considered. At the same time, it was determined that the main problem in the formation of the structure of composites is the interaction of aluminum with the iron frame, which leads to the formation of intermetallic phases, such as FeAl₃, which characterize the composite and reduce the mechanical properties of the material. It was established that the
main technological parameter that determines the mechanical properties of the composite is the temperature regime of the infiltration process. The paper analyzes the influence of the aluminum pouring temperature and preheating of the metal frame on the formation of the structure of the composite material. It was established that the pouring temperature at the level of 800 °С and preheating of the steel frame to 300 °С provide optimal conditions for obtaining a composite with high mechanical characteristics, due to the absence of cavities in the material structure. Metallographic analysis showed a uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase in the volume of the composite and the absence of a significant number of pores, which confirms the effectiveness of the infiltration process during infiltration at a temperature of 800 0C. An increase in the pouring temperature above 800 °C leads to saturation of the melt with gases, which negatively affects the quality of the composite due to the formation of closed porosity. At the same time, to ensure the effectiveness of the infiltration process, it is recommended to carry out the process quickly using the vacuuming of the metal equipment.For the practical application of such materials, it is important to take into account their behavior during explosive loading. The results of computer modeling show that the use of such composites in mine protection structures can significantly reduce damage to the hull during an explosion, while ensuring sufficient strength and plasticity of the material.Thus, the study of the technological parameters of the process of infiltration of aluminum melts into the porous frame is an important step on the way to the creation of highly effective composite materials with high mechanical properties and economic efficiency.